§ RULE 52. FINDINGS BY THE COURT; JUDGMENT ON PARTIAL FINDINGS

RULE 52. FINDINGS BY THE COURT; JUDGMENT ON PARTIAL FINDINGS

(a) Effect. In all actions tried upon the facts without a jury or with an advisory jury, the court shall find the facts specially and state separately its conclusions of law thereon and judgment shall be entered pursuant to Rule 58; and in granting or refusing interlocutory injunctions the court shall similarly set forth the findings of fact and conclusions of law which constitute the grounds of its action. Requests for findings are not necessary for purposes of review. Findings of fact shall not be set aside unless clearly erroneous, and due regard shall be given to the opportunity of the trial court to judge the credibility of the witnesses. The findings of a master, to the extent that the court adopts them, shall be considered as the findings of the court. It will be sufficient if the findings of fact and conclusions of law are stated orally and recorded in open court following the close of the evidence or appear in an opinion or memorandum of decision filed by the court. Findings of fact and conclusions of law are unnecessary on decisions of motions under Rules 12 or 56 or any other motion except as provided in subdivision (c) of this rule. But an order granting summary judgment shall set forth the undisputed material facts and legal determinations on which the court granted summary judgment.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE'S NOTE

The federal rule is revised to provide that if findings of fact and conclusions of law appear in the opinion, then they must be specifically set forth as such. There is deleted from the last sentence of the federal rule “except as provided in Rule 41(b),” as the referred to portion of Rule 41(b) was deleted.

(b) Amendment. Upon a party's motion filed not later than 10 days after service of written notice of entry of judgment, the court may amend its findings or make additional findings and may amend the judgment accordingly. The motion may accompany a motion for a new trial under Rule 59. When findings of fact are made in actions tried without a jury, the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the findings may later be questioned whether or not in the district court the party raising the question objected to the findings, moved to amend them, or moved for partial findings.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE'S NOTE

The 1964 amendment constitutes a technical correction to refer to “10 days after service of written notice of entry of judgment.” This was overlooked in drafting the original rules.

(c) Judgment on Partial Findings. If during a trial without a jury a party has been fully heard on an issue and the court finds against the party on that issue, the court may enter judgment as a matter of law against that party with respect to a claim or defense that cannot under the controlling law be maintained or defeated without a favorable finding on that issue, or the court may decline to render any judgment until the close of all the evidence. Such a judgment shall be supported by findings of fact and conclusions of law as required by subdivision (a) of this rule.